我国农业资源台账制度创设研究

[目的]为摸清农业资源底数,通过建立农业资源台账制度,更清晰地评价农业资源变化及利用效率,提高农业资源管理水平,促进农业可持续平衡发展。[方法]文章主要通过文献分析法,梳理了农业资源台账制度的历史演进及国内外实践,分析了我国农业资源台账制度的实践情况并指出其存在的问题和面临的挑战。[结果]我国农业资源台账制度缺乏统一细致的指导方案,统计渠道多且口径不一致,部门条块分割共享性较差,基层统计工作落后于国家,缺乏常规化调查的制度保障。[结论]结合实践经验,提出构建高效管理体系、制定科学管理规划、强化长效投入支持保障、建立部门资源共享平台、建立农业资源数据获取网络体系和建立农业资源联合普查制度等农业资源台账制度建设路径。     

国有上市企业运营效率测算和时空演进分析

以我国2015—2017年8个行业中的138家国有上市企业作为研究对象,运用数据包络法(DEA)及地理信息系统(GIS)可视化方法,从微观层面对国有上市企业样本的综合效率(TE)、纯技术效率(PTE),以及规模效率(SE)等运营效率进行指标构建、测算及时空演进评价。研究发现:首先,国有上市企业样本运营效率:①在时序演进(2015—2017年)方面呈现出先下降后上升的变化趋势;②在空间演进方面呈现出明显的区域分布非均衡性。其次,从行业层面而言,我国房地产及医药行业国有上市企业运营效率相对较高。鉴于此,如何促进不同区位不同行业的国有上市企业协调发展以进一步提高资源配置效率和企业运营效率显得尤为关键。     

A new approach to assess the performance of the Brazilian National Immunization Program (NIP)

The present study develops an alternative measure of efficiency to assess the Brazilian National Immunization Program (NIP) using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), an output-oriented variable returns to scale (VRS) model, to combine different homogeneity indicators within a unique composite index and evaluate the socio-demographic differences among states. The new DEA index allows homogeneity indicators to be measured for various vaccines in the same model, which enables the development of a composite index for “the first year of life” immunization cycle. In Brazil 2010, the mean efficiency score for the 26 states was 0.89 (0.14 SD). Eleven states were considered efficient, and eight of them were located in regions with a high Human Development Index (HDI) and small rural population, which reinforces the concept that regional and socioeconomic differences must be considered during immunization planning. To reach the frontier of best practice, each state should have an individual and attainable goal for vaccine homogeneity.     

A foresight toolkit for smart specialization and entrepreneurial discovery

Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) have exploded in number across Europe over the past couple of years, among others due to the European Commission’s sustained effort – both conceptual and at the level of policy – to push this notion forward. What lies beneath the spate of recent RIS3s, in terms of specialization options as well as of the processes through which the latter were reached, is only now beginning to be examined in depth. Notably, the Commission did not offer a proper blueprint for RIS3-making, but opted instead to suggest a wide range of possible instruments. Based on our experience with the Romanian strategy-building process, in this article we outline a foresight-based toolkit for smart specialization and entrepreneurial discovery, though we too stop short of proposing a detailed full-fledged blueprint.     

Capacity-oriented passenger flow control under uncertain demand: Algorithm development and real-world case study

This paper proposes a problem of passenger flow organization in subway stations under uncertain demand. The existing concepts of station service capacity are extended and further classified into three in different demand scenarios. Mathematical models are put forward to measure the three capacities and a unified simulation-based algorithm is developed to solve them. To increase computing speed, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and genetic algorithms (GA) are embedded in this algorithm. A case study will demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and give a detailed procedure of passenger flow control based on station service capacity in various demand scenarios.     

The Determinants of Dual Distribution Revisited

This paper examines the use of what has been called “dual distribution” by firms. Dual distribution involves a firm using both company-owned stores and independently owned franchises to sell its product or service. Using panel data from 1048 companies for the years 2005 to 2009, I use a variety of estimators to determine the factors that influence the relative use of franchising by companies. A key focus of the paper is to control for the possible endogeneity of the franchise fee, royalty rate, and franchise ratio for the companies in the respective industries. Using a panel data estimator and lagged values of the franchise fee and royalty rate as instruments, I find that one reason the franchise fee and royalty rate do not appear to influence the relative use of franchising is due to industry- and firm-level fixed effects, which capture the variation in royalty rates and franchise fees at the company level.     

A comparative performance analysis of airline strategic alliances using data envelopment analysis

As “open skies” agreements became more common among different countries and thus began to open up international routes to further competition, the global airline industry has undergone accelerated structural changes for the last two decades. These changes include the consolidation and expansion of airline strategic alliances throughout different regions of the world. Though airline strategic alliances are generally perceived to be a major driver for enhancing the operating efficiency and the subsequent competitiveness of participating member airlines, the concrete evidence supporting such a perception is still lacking in the literature. This paper is one of few attempts to evaluate the comparative efficiency of the strategic alliances among global airlines and then assess the managerial impact of airline alliances on the airline's comparative performances.     

Finance-neutral potential output: An evaluation in an emerging market monetary policy context

In this paper, output gaps that include financial cycle information are evaluated against policy analysis models used by the Colombian central bank. This is an important feature, since policy-related models are the only relevant yardstick and emerging economies (such as Colombia) have been historically more vulnerable to financial imbalances. Unlike previous works, finance-neutral gaps were evaluated in a monetary policy context exactly as it is routinely performed by a central bank. The distribution of output gap revisions is analyzed and a metric to compare real-time robustness across models is developed. This metric constitutes a novel way to summarize the distribution of real-time uncertainty around output gaps, and policymakers should employ it for comparison purposes. Also, the real-time policy performance of finance-neutral gaps is studied, separating suggested ex post from operational ex ante usefulness. The results suggest that finance-neutral gaps are neither more robust in real time nor more operationally useful than the benchmark estimates. These results have important implications for policymakers and for the relevant literature.     

系统视阈下科学研究成果诞生的要素分析

科学研究成果是科学研究的终极导向,更是评价科学研究水平的重要参照。将科学研究成果视为整体,用系统哲学的分析方法剖析其内在的每一要素。每个要素在系统中都处在一定的位置上并起着特定的作用,要素之间相互关联,构成了一个不可分割的整体。推动影响科学研究成果诞生的每一个要素的改善,才能从根本上打破当前制约我国科学研究成果水平提升的瓶颈。     

A data based model as a metropolitan management tool: The Bogotá-Sabana region case study in Colombia

Data mining techniques are useful tools for knowledge extraction in large databases. They are successfully applied in disciplines such as urban management and geography. The use of these techniques is suitable for the study of complex urban dynamics of post-industrial cities. The objective of this research is to empirically apply data mining techniques as a tool for metropolitan management. This paper presents a methodology developed to elucidate the dynamics of urban growth and its relationship with socioeconomic patterns in the Bogotá-Sabana region of Colombia. To analyze the evolution of growth in two time frames, various techniques are applied, including correlation, clustering, regionalization, and others. The results enable interesting patterns to be identified in urban development. A key aspect of these patterns is the high level of segregation and inequity that is apparent in the case study. Finally, the application opportunities of these tools in urban management are discussed.